Universal Pictures Wikipedia. Universal Pictures also referred to as Universal Studios or simply Universal is an American film studio owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal. The company was founded in 1. Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, and Jules Brulatour, and is the oldest surviving film studio in the United States, the worlds fourth oldest after Gaumont, Path and Nordisk Film, and the oldest in terms of the overall film marketcitation needed. Its studios are located in Universal City, California, and its corporate offices are located in New York City. Universal Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America MPAA and is one of Hollywoods Big Six studios. History. Early years. Universal Studios was founded by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochranea and Jules Brulatour. One story has Laemmle watching a box office for hours, counting patrons and calculating the days takings. Within weeks of his Chicago trip, Laemmle gave up dry goods to buy the first several nickelodeons. For Laemmle and other such entrepreneurs, the creation in 1. Toutes Les Partitions de Musique Affichage 1401 2197 Sur un Total de 2197 Scores Sale of Sheet Music Vente de Partitions de Musique. Edison backed Motion Picture Trust meant that exhibitors were expected to pay fees for Trust produced films they showed. Based on the Latham Loop used in cameras and projectors, along with other patents, the Trust collected fees on all aspects of movie production and exhibition, and attempted to enforce a monopoly on distribution. Soon, Laemmle and other disgruntled nickelodeon owners decided to avoid paying Edison by producing their own pictures. In June 1. 90. 9, Laemmle started the Yankee Film Company with partners Abe Stern and Julius Stern. That company quickly evolved into the Independent Moving Pictures Company IMP, with studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey, where many early films in Americas first motion picture industry were produced in the early 2. Laemmle broke with Edisons custom of refusing to give billing and screen credits to performers. By naming the movie stars, he attracted many of the leading players of the time, contributing to the creation of the star system. In 1. 91. 0, he promoted Florence Lawrence, formerly known as The Biograph Girl, and actor King Baggot, in what may be the first instance of a studio using stars in its marketing. The Universal Film Manufacturing Company was incorporated in New York on April 3. Laemmle, who emerged as president in July 1. Dintenfass, Baumann, Kessel, Powers, Swanson, Horsley, and Brulatour. Eventually all would be bought out by Laemmle. The new Universal studio was a vertically integrated company, with movie production, distribution and exhibition venues all linked in the same corporate entity, the central element of the Studio system era. Following the westward trend of the industry, by the end of 1. Hollywood area. On March 1. Laemmle opened the worlds largest motion picture production facility, Universal City Studios, on a 2. Cahuenga Pass from Hollywood. Studio management became the third facet of Universals operations, with the studio incorporated as a distinct subsidiary organization. Unlike other movie moguls, Laemmle opened his studio to tourists. Universal became the largest studio in Hollywood, and remained so for a decade. However, it sought an audience mostly in small towns, producing mostly inexpensive melodramas, westerns and serials. In its early years Universal released three brands of feature films Red Feather, low budget programmers Bluebird, more ambitious productions and Jewel, their prestige motion pictures. Directors included Jack Conway, John Ford, Rex Ingram, Robert Z. Leonard, George Marshall and Lois Weber, one of the few women directing films in Hollywood. Despite Laemmles role as an innovator, he was an extremely cautious studio chief. Watch Girlfriends Season 5 Episode 1. Unlike rivals Adolph Zukor, William Fox, and Marcus Loew, Laemmle chose not to develop a theater chain. He also financed all of his own films, refusing to take on debt. Les Valseuses Full Movie In English' title='Les Valseuses Full Movie In English' />This policy nearly bankrupted the studio when actor director Erich von Stroheim insisted on excessively lavish production values for his films Blind Husbands 1. Foolish Wives 1. Universal shrewdly gained a return on some of the expenditure by launching a sensational ad campaign that attracted moviegoers. Character actor. Lon Chaney became a drawing card for Universal in the 1. His two biggest hits for Universal were The Hunchback of Notre Dame 1. The Phantom of the Opera 1. During this period Laemmle entrusted most of the production policy decisions to Irving Thalberg. Thalberg had been Laemmles personal secretary, and Laemmle was impressed by his cogent observations of how efficiently the studio could be operated. Promoted to studio chief, Thalberg was giving Universals product a touch of class, but MGMs head of production Louis B. Mayer lured Thalberg away from Universal with a promise of better pay. Without his guidance Universal became a second tier studio, and would remain so for several decades. In 1. 92. 6, Universal opened a production unit in Germany, Deutsche Universal Film AG, under the direction of Joe Pasternak. This unit produced three to four films per year until 1. Hungary and then Austria in the face of Hitlers increasing domination of central Europe. With the advent of sound, these productions were made in the German language or, occasionally, Hungarian or Polish. In the U. S., Universal Pictures did not distribute any of this subsidiarys films, but at least some of them were exhibited through other, independent, foreign language film distributors based in New York, without benefit of English subtitles. Nazi persecution and a change in ownership for the parent Universal Pictures organization resulted in the dissolution of this subsidiary. Vos vidos en toute libert. Recherche. Menu principal. In 1974, she appeared with Grard Depardieu, MiouMiou and Patrick Dewaere in Bertrand Bliers sexually explicit and controversial Les Valseuses. JEANNE MOREAU Jeanne Moreau was born on January 23, 1928 in Paris, the daughter of Anatole Moreau, a French barman and restaurateur, and Katherine Buckley, an. Alternating Least Square Formulation for Recommender Systems We have users u for items i matrix as in the following Qui cases r textif user u. Watch Freaky Deaky 4Shared. In the early years, Universal had a clean picture policy. However, by April 1. Carl Laemmle considered this to be a mistake as unclean pictures from other studios were generating more profit while Universal was losing money. Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. RJQJnZyy29g/hqdefault.jpg' alt='Les Valseuses Full Movie In English' title='Les Valseuses Full Movie In English' />Universal owned the rights to the Oswald the Lucky Rabbit character, although Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks had created Oswald, and their films had enjoyed a successful theatrical run. Jeanne Moreau Wikipdia Pour les articles homonymes, voir Moreau. Jeanne Moreau est une actrice, chanteuse et ralisatricefranaise, ne le 2. Paris et morte dans la mme ville le 3. Elle a jou dans plus de 1. Ascenseur pour lchafaud, Les Amants, Moderato cantabile, Jules et Jim, Eva, Le Journal dune femme de chambre, Viva Mara, La marie tait en noir, La Vieille qui marchait dans la mer. Luis Buuel, Theo Angelopoulos, Wim Wenders, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Michelangelo Antonioni, Joseph Losey, Orson Welles, Franois Truffaut, Louis Malle, Andr Tchin, Bertrand Blier, etc. Elle est la premire femme lue lAcadmie des beaux arts de lInstitut de France en 2. Cration artistique pour le cinma et laudiovisuel et en 1. Csar de la meilleure actrice pour La Vieille qui marchait dans la mer, suivi de deux Csar dhonneur en 1. En 1. 99. 8, lAcadmie amricaine des arts et des sciences du cinma lui dcerne un Oscar dhonneur. Le pre de Jeanne Moreau, Anatole Dsir Moreau2, n Mazirat dans lAllier, fils dun huilier, est le grant de la brasserie A La Cloche dOr, au coin de la rue Fontaine et de la rue Mansart Paris. Sa mre, Kathleen Buckley, ne Blackpool Lancashire, Angleterre et fille dun marin pcheur, est danseuse aux Folies Bergre et rejoindra plus tard la troupe de Josphine Baker. Aprs avoir pass une partie de son enfance Vichy3 et Mazirat4, la comdienne achve ses tudes secondaires Paris et commence suivre, linsu de ses parents, les cours de thtre de Denis dIns, alors doyen de la Comdie Franaise. En 1. 94. 6, elle entre dans sa classe comme auditrice, au Conservatoire national suprieur dart dramatique de Paris. Dbut 1. 94. 7, elle passe le concours dentre au Conservatoire tout en jouant un petit rle dans Le Lever de soleil. En septembre. 19. Avignon avec de brves apparitions dans trois pices elle joue notamment la suivante de la reine Lone Nogarde dans Richard II. De retour au  Franais , elle obtient, en dcembre. Joas dans Athalie. Pensionnaire de la Comdie Franaise, cest la suite de la publication dune photo delle dans la pice Un mois la campagne que son pre la chasse de la maison familiale. Elle se fait rellement remarquer en 1. Les Caves du Vatican dAndr Gide, mise en scne par Jean Meyer, o elle joue la petite prostitue. Ce rle lui vaut la couverture de Paris Match et les flicitations de Paul Lautaud. Par la suite, elle incarne de nouveau un personnage de prostitue dans une reprise dOthello, avec Aim Clariond dans le rle titre  cette occasion Orson Welles, qui prpare ladaptation cinmatographique de la pice, la remarque. Dmissionnant de la Comdie Franaise en 1. TNP de Jean Vilar, se produit au Festival dAvignon o elle joue le rle de linfante dans le Cid, avec Grard Philipe, alors quelle aurait voulu celui de Chimne. Watch Four Nights With Anna Online here. En 1. 95. 2, elle revient au festival avec le rle de Nathalie dOrange dans Le Prince de Hombourg, mais y est mal laise et accepte, sur le conseil de Grard Philipe, la proposition du Thtre Antoine pour jouer dans la pice LHeure blouissante dAnna Bonacci mise en scne de Fernand Ledoux, un rle, encore une fois, de prostitue. Lors de cette pice, elle rencontre lcrivain Blaise Cendrars. Elle obtient ses premiers rles au cinma dans Meurtres de Richard Pottier en 1. Touchez pas au grisbi de Jacques Becker en 1. La mme anne, elle est une trs sensuelle et frivole Reine Margot pour Jean Drville. En 1. 95. 6, alors quelle joue dans la pice La Chatte sur un toit brlant, elle rencontre Louis Malle qui prpare le film Ascenseur pour lchafaud et le scnariste Roger Nimier qui lui prsente Paul Morand. Cette uvre rvle toute la subtilit de son jeu et Les Amants, qui fait scandale lors de sa sortie, lui donne limage dune hrone moderne. Pour Roger Vadim, elle incarne un avatar de la marquise de Merteuil auprs de son compre de toujours Grard Philipe dans Les Liaisons dangereuses 1. Choderlos de Laclos. Elle obtient le Prix dinterprtation fminine du Festival de Cannes 1. Moderato cantabile de Peter Brook, daprs Marguerite Duras. En 1. 96. 1, Michelangelo Antonioni lui confie le premier rle de La Nuit aux cts de Marcello Mastroianni et de Monica Vitti. Eva de Joseph Losey, Le Procs dOrson Welles et La Baie des Anges de Jacques Demy confirment sa rputation de comdienne exigeante et rigoureuse, prte mettre son talent au service duvres ambitieuses et de metteurs en scne audacieux. Jeanne Moreau avec le film Jules et Jim de Franois Truffaut quelle avait dj rencontr en 1. Festival de Cannes en compagnie de Henri Pierre Roch, lauteur, qui mourra peu aprs. Le producteur Jacques Canetti sort la bande originale du film Le Tourbillon quelle interprte dans le film avec Serge Rezvani la guitare. Le succs du film et de la bande originale est immdiat. Anas Nin qui la veut pour incarner son hrone dans le film LEspionne dans la maison de lamour, tir dun de ses romans5. Finalement, le film ne se fait pas mais une solide amiti est ne. Elle part ensuite en Californie pour jouer dans une srie de films et, lors dune soire, Anas Nin lui prsente lcrivain Henry Miller, son compagnon dalors, qui lui dit un jour   Surtout, ne dites jamais aux gens avec qui vous travaillez, que nous sommes amis, votre rputation serait fichue . Elle se lie aussi damiti avec Tennessee Williams et Peter Brook. En 1. 96. 5, elle tourne en anglais dans Falstaff, de son ami Orson Welles. Ds lors, elle ne cesse dtre sollicite par de grands ralisateurs  Luis Buuel Le Journal dune femme de chambre, Tony Richardson Mademoiselle, Le Marin de Gibraltar Bertrand Blier Les Valseuses, Elia Kazan Le Dernier Nabab, Andr Tchin Souvenirs den France, Rainer Werner Fassbinder Querelle, Michel Deville Le Paltoquet, Theo Angelopoulos Le Pas suspendu de la cigogne, Wim Wenders Jusquau bout du monde, Par del les nuages coralis avec Antonioni ou plus rcemment Amos Gita Dsengagement, Plus tard tu comprendras. Elle a retrouv Truffaut dans un drame policier adapt de William Irish  La marie tait en noir en 1. Louis Malle trois ans auparavant dans Viva Mara  Brigitte Bardot. Pour sa prestation, elle avait dailleurs remport un BAFTA en 1.