Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. The Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania is a non- stock, not- for- profit organization[4] headquartered in Warwick, New York. It is the main legal entity used worldwide by Jehovah's Witnesses to direct, administer and disseminate doctrines for the group and is often referred to by members of the denomination simply as "the Society". It is the parent organization of a number of Watch Tower subsidiaries, including the Watchtower Society of New York and International Bible Students Association.[5][6] The number of voting shareholders of the corporation is limited to between 3. Jehovah's Witnesses.[7] About 5.

Jehovah's Witnesses provide voluntary unpaid labour, as members of a religious order, in three large Watch Tower Society facilities in New York; [8] nearly 1. Watch Tower Society's other facilities worldwide.[8][9][1.

The organization was formed in 1. Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society for the purpose of distributing religious tracts.[4] The society was incorporated in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on December 1. In 1. 89. 6, the society was renamed Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society.[1. True Blood Season 3 Episode 11 Online Free. Following a leadership dispute in the Bible Student movement, the Watch Tower Society remained associated with the branch of the movement that became known as Jehovah's Witnesses. In 1. 95. 5, the corporation was renamed Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania.[1. In 1. 97. 6, all activities of the Watch Tower Society were brought under the supervision of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses.[1.

History[edit]On February 1. Watch Svinalangorna Vioz. Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society was formed in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, for the purpose of organizing the printing and distribution of religious tracts. William Henry Conley, a Pittsburgh industrialist and philanthropist, served as president, with Charles Taze Russell serving as secretary- treasurer.[1.

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The society's primary journal was Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christs Presence, first published in 1. Russell,[1. 5] founder of the Bible Student movement.[1. Other early writers for the Watch Tower Society included J. H. Paton and W. I.

The Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania is a non-stock, not-for-profit organization headquartered in Warwick, New York. It is the main legal entity. Watch breaking news videos, viral videos and original video clips on CNN.com.

Mann.[1. 4][1. 7] Formation of the society was announced in the April 1. Zion's Watch Tower.[1. That year, the society received donations of $3. Incorporation[edit]On December 1. Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society in Pennsylvania as a non- profit, non- stock corporation with Russell as president.

The corporation was located in Allegheny, Pennsylvania. In its charter, written by Russell, the society's purpose was stated as "the mental, moral and religious improvement of men and women, by teaching the Bible by means of the publication and distribution of Bibles, books, papers, pamphlets and other Bible literature, and by providing oral lectures free for the people".[2. The charter provided for a board of seven directors, three of who served as officers—a president, vice- president (initially William I.

Mann) and secretary- treasurer (initially Maria Russell). The charter stipulated that the officers be chosen from the directors and be elected annually by ballot.

Board members would hold office for life unless removed by a two- thirds vote by shareholders. Vacancies on the board resulting from death, resignation or removal would be filled by a majority vote of the remaining board members within 2. Anyone subscribing to $1. Old Testament Tracts or donating $1. Russell indicated that despite having a board and shareholders, the society would be directed by only two people—him and his wife Maria.[2. Russell said that as at December 1. Society; and this was fully understood by the directors from the first.

Their usefulness, it was understood, would come to the front in the event of our death.. For this reason, also, formal elections were not held; because it would be a mere farce, a deception, to call together voting shareholders from all over the world, at great expense, to find upon arrival that their coming was useless, Sister Russell and myself having more than a majority over all that could gather. Watch Lost In Beijing Download. However, no one was hindered from attending such elections." The influx of donations gradually diluted the proportion of the Russells' shares and in 1. Russell emphasized the limitations of the corporation, explaining: "Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society is not a 'religious society' in the ordinary meaning of this term"[2.

He also stated, "This is a business association merely.. It has no creed or confession. It is merely a business convenience in disseminating the truth."[2. Incorporation of the society meant that it would outlive Russell, so individuals who wished to bequeath their money or property to him would not have to alter their will if he died before they did.[2. On September 1. 9, 1. Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society.[2.

From 1. 90. 8 Russell required the directors to write out resignations when they were appointed so Russell could dismiss them by simply filling in the date.[2. In 1. 90. 9, Russell instructed legal counsel Joseph Franklin Rutherford to determine whether the society's headquarters could be moved to Brooklyn, New York.[2. Rutherford reported that because it had been established under Pennsylvania law, the corporation could not be registered in New York state, but suggested that a new corporation be registered there to do the society's work. Rutherford subsequently organized the formation of the People's Pulpit Association, which was incorporated on February 2. New York.[2. 8][2. The society sold its buildings in Pittsburgh[3.

Brooklyn. Although all New York property was bought in the name of the New York corporation and all legal affairs of the society done in its name, Russell insisted on the continued use of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society name on all correspondence and publications.[2. The move from Pennsylvania to New York occurred during court proceedings over the breakdown of Russells' marriage. His wife Maria had been granted a "limited divorce" on March 4, 1. Pittsburgh to request an increase in alimony,[3. Authors Barbara Grizzuti Harrison and Edmond C. Gruss have claimed Russell's move to Brooklyn was motivated by his desire to transfer from the jurisdiction of the Pennsylvania courts. They claim he transferred all his assets to the Watch Tower Society so he could declare himself bankrupt and avoid being jailed for failure to pay alimony.[3.

In 1. 91. 4, the International Bible Students Association was incorporated in Britain to administer affairs in that country. Like the People's Pulpit Association, it was subsidiary to the Pennsylvania parent organization and all work done through both subsidiaries was described as the work of the Watch Tower Society.

The Watchtower noted: "The editor of The Watchtower is the President of all three of these Societies. All financial responsibility connected with the work proceeds from [the Pennsylvania corporation]. From it the other Societies and all the branches of the work receive their financial support.. Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, to which all donations should be made."[6]Leadership dispute[edit]Russell died on October 3. Pampa, Texas during a cross- country preaching trip.

On January 6, 1. 91. Joseph Franklin Rutherford, aged 4. Watch Tower Society, unopposed, at the Pittsburgh convention. Under his presidency, the role of the society underwent a major change.[3. By- laws passed by both the Pittsburgh convention and the board of directors stated that the president would be the executive officer and general manager of the society, giving him full charge of its affairs worldwide.[3. By June 1. 91. 7, four of the seven Watch Tower Society directors, Robert H. Hirsh, Alfred I. Ritchie, Isaac F.

Hoskins and James D. Wright, had decided they had erred in endorsing Rutherford's expanded powers of management,[3. Rutherford had become autocratic.[3. Hirsch attempted to rescind the new by- laws and reclaim the powers of management from the president,[3.